![]() ![]() The glucose repeat unit (anhydroglucose) within the cellulose chain has three OH groups, each of which can form a nitrate ester. In precise chemical terms, nitrocellulose is not a nitro compound, but a nitrate ester. Hemicellulose, lignin, pentosans, and mineral salts give inferior nitrocelluloses. The quality of the cellulose is important. The process uses a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to convert cellulose into nitrocellulose. In the form of collodion it was also a critical component in an early photographic emulsion, the use of which revolutionized photography in the 1860s. It was also used to replace gunpowder as a low-order explosive in mining and other applications. One of its first major uses was as guncotton, a replacement for gunpowder as propellant in firearms. Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. ![]()
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